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Engineering Mechanics of your Landscape Lighting System

This article will be a breath of fresh your system. Use either a 10/2-gauge
air for some of you and a gut wrenching wire, which has a constant of 11920, or a
process for others. Without getting too 12/2-gauge wire, which has a constant of
involved within the process, I will say 7500.
this particular piece of the puzzle is With this information and the constants,
designed for the person that thinks with lets figure a "run for fun". This example
the left side of your brain. Their many shows a run for 80 feet and on the run,
studies and books written about the left there are 4 fixtures that have a 20-watt
side and right side of our brains. Many lamp in each. We have a total of 80 watts
people enjoy a "good" living dealing with on a run of 80 feet and 12/2 gauge wire
issues relating to the left and right is used for the run. 80-watts x 80 feet
side of our brains. This could be the =6400, 6400/7500 (constant) = .85 voltage
start of another book relating to that drop. Now subtract .85 (voltage drop)
subject; however, I am not going there. from 12 (amount of volts from source) and
Too keep this to the simplest form I can, we have a resulting voltage reading of
I will say our brain is divided into two 11.15 volts. I like to keep lamps in a
sides. We have the left side and the range of 10.5 volts to 11.7 volts for
right side. peak performance; therefore, the reading
The left side of the brain functions by of 11.15 volts fits very will within the
way of using logic, facts, knowledge, range. The main thing to remember is to
math and science and is detailed choose the lamp you want and need to do
oriented. If you fall into this category, the job you want. Once you decide on the
you will enjoy this article. Meanwhile, lamp, engineer the system to supply the
the right side of the brain functions by proper voltage to the lamp.
using feelings, images, symbols, sees the A rule of thumb on sizing wire for runs
"big picture", is very imaginative and is to always go bigger if there is some
believes things are possible by taking doubt. The 10/2 gauge wire expense is
risks. If you fall into this category, I just slightly higher than the 12/2 gauge
hope your partner is a left-brain person. wire; however, the peace of mind is well
This article will be dull and boring for worth the difference. I have included a
you even though it is an extremely flowchart to use as an estimate on which
important process for you to achieve your gauge wire to use on which run. This does
"big picture" on your home to create the not replace the voltage drop formula and
"WOW" effect you want. measuring every lead to every fixture
My wife and I are a good team because she using a multi meter to get the proper
is a professional photographer, thus a reading. For runs over 100 feet I
right brain person. I am a left-brain recommend using the 12/2 gauge cable just
person. We compliment each other and because it can handle more with less
guess who takes pictures of my voltage drop. QUICK WIRE SIZING GUIDE:
landscape-lighting installations. A good Use the guide to select wire sizes for
starting subject for this article is each run - "Are there more than 100 watts
"voltage drop". Voltage drop is created lamp load on the run"? If your answer is,
by internal resistance to the flow of yes then you Use #10-2 / If your answer
electricity through electric wire or is no then the next question is "Is the
cable. It is the difference between the run longer than 100 feet? If your answer
voltages at the beginning of a cable run is no you Use #12-2 and if its Yes then
compared to the voltage at the end of a you Use #10-2.
run. We need to compensate for the WIRE AMP RATINGS: Wire Size #12/2 100w
voltage drop in order to keep the same 8.3A is recommended and the maximum is
voltage to all fixtures. If we do not, 192w/16A. Wire Size #10/2 140w/12.0A is
the end fixtures will have lamps with low recommended and the maximum is 288w/24A.
voltage and the results will be a You will notice the low chart gives the
decrease in brightness. This is why we wire size with recommended and maximum
can see the yellow looking lights at the figures. It gives reference to watts and
end of the runs. amps. Remember the formula: (Amps x volts
The formula for calculating voltage drop = watts Or Watts/volts = amps) you will
is: Total Watts x Length of Run / Cable be fine on amps using these guidelines. I
Size Constant = VOLTAGE DROP. You are now keep a maximum of 110 watts per run on 12
asking yourself," What is cable size 2 cable and 150 watts on 10/2 cable. I
constant". That is a predetermined amount know the system is not working hard and I
and I will not show the chart for the feel that it will produce an efficient
different size cables. Instead, I will operating system.
share the constants that you will use for




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