Protection of the Intellectual Property in Russia

A Governmental commission, headed personally byEnforcement Practice
the Prime Minister has been created in Russia recentlyOn July, 1, 2002 the new Administrative Violations
in order to counteract the infringements in the sphereCode (AVC) of the Russian Federation came into
of intellectual property. As he stated earlier, little is doneeffect which stipulates administrative responsibility for
for the protection of intellectual property rights incopyright infringement and illegal use of trade marks.
Russia and, therefore, both the rights owners and theThe procedural part of the Code states that customs
state are actually robed. Are there any changes todaybodies have the right to file reports of the
in this area? What contribution has customs serviceabove-stated intellectual property rights infringements
made in order to protect business intellectual propertydiscovered during customs control.
rights? How can the consumers be sure that whenThe reports, filed by customs bodies serve as a legal
buying medicines, products or clothes of knownground for court judgments imposing administrative
manufacturers they will get the goods that theypenalties and fines and/or confiscation of the imported
expect?goods that violate copyright or other intellectual
It is certain that the problem has not been solvedproperty rights or trade marks.
instantly. Today Russia suffers severe economicThe state bodies conducted the analysis of the trade
damage caused by the infringements of the author'smark protection enforcement practice. The conducted
and adjoining rights, misuses of inventions, trade marks,study resulted in the development of guidelines and
from uncollected tax revenues, and from therecommendations for the customs bodies on revealing
impossibility to increase national economic productionand punishing offences connected to illegal use of
of goods because of unfair competition.trade marks. Those guidelines define the actions and
Counterfeit aviation and automobile spare parts, fakeserve as the legal ground for customs bodies actions
combustive-lubricating materials, toys, medicaland are based on concrete examples.
equipment and pharmaceuticals, food are frequentlyCustoms bodies of foreign states control from several
dangerous to health and life of the population, andthousand up to several tens of thousand of trade
pose real threat to national safety of this country.marks. The customs bodies of Russia, according to
Starting Pointthe information of legal rights owners, control about
A legal base of interaction between customs bodies450 trade marks which are filed with the intellectual
with other law-enforcement and control organs hasproperty register of the State Customs Committee of
been created in Russia; Rospatent, a State bodyRussia.
which acts as federal enforcement authority in theThe next step is to develop methodical
field of intellectual property protection is now a part ofrecommendations concerning the owner's legal and
the team.adjoining rights.
Joint actions are carried out according to the guidelinesThe analysis of court judgments shows that there is
of interdepartmental recommendations and measures,an urgent need to review the current judicial practice
aimed at ensuring intellectual property protection, thatand submit it for consideration to the Supreme
have been developed and approved by the Ministry ofArbitration Court of the Russian Federation.
Internal Affairs, by the State Customs Committee, andIt is necessary to note, that the first enforcement
by Federal Tax Police Service and coordinated withpractice results have shown the necessity to update
the State Office of the Public Prosecutor of Russia.the administrative violations legislation. In particular, it is
Multiple changes and modifications to the legislation,required to add to the Code the regulations on
regulating intellectual property protection have beenconducting investigations with the purpose of their
adopted. They helped define customs and statequalitative pre-trial study and add legal permission to
regulations of the foreign trade activity, administrativeconduct the necessary examinations.
infringements, and the criminal legislation.It would be expedient to increase the impeachment
Suspicion of Illegal Traffickingtimeframe, as law breakers, in some cases, delay
The legitimate rights owner who has reasonableproceedings by every possible means, and go
grounds to believe that his intellectual property rightsunpunished because of the impossibility to impeach
could be infringed during customs clearance throughthem just two months after the date of the offence.
the border of Russia can file a complaint with theThe "Greys" Consolidate
State Customs Committee (SCC) of Russia andA tendency disturbing enough surfaced recently and is
request the protection of his rights. The efficiency ofconnected to "grey" importers joining efforts to
this protection directly depends on the completenesscounteract the measures adopted by the State
of the information submitted by the legal owner whoCustoms Committee of Russia and by customs
can assist customs bodies in counterfeit productsbodies. The given counteraction is carried out as in the
identification. Such data can include information on thelegal field (disputing in due order the requirements of
places of import and customs registration of legalnormative legal acts, appealing the actions of customs
production, information on exporters, importers of legalbodies and their officials), as with the use of financial
production, on distinctive signs of counterfeit goods, etc.and administrative resources.
After consideration of application and, if required, afterThe New Code - The New Opportunities
additional verification of the stated information, theStarting January, 1, 2004, when a shipment of products
documents issued by the State Customs Committeeis suspected to be counterfeit, the customs bodies are
of Russia and the corresponding information are filedgiven the right to detain the goods or delay the release
with the supervising customs bodies of Russia.of the goods containing objects of intellectual property
As practice shows, the infringements of the intellectualfor up to 20 days, and to inform the legal owner as
property rights are quite often accompanied bywell as a number of other rights.
violations of customs rules. The examples of such are:The turn-over of the counterfeit goods will
import of a cargo, for example, claimed to be used forconsiderably decline in case of the intellectual property
non-commercial purposes, falsified documentation andlegislation control at all stages of the foreign economic
customs declarations, undeclared or falsely declaredtransaction, starting with the signing of the contract and
products, as well as other infringements for whichfollowed by customs registration.
administrative responsibility is stipulated by the law.